A LOCAL governance expert, Vincent Chakunda, has called for legislative framework that ensures that public officials declare their assets to avoid looting and abuse of public resources.
Speaking recently at a Public Finance Management workshop organised by the Zimbabwe Coalition on Debt and Development (Zimcodd) in Gweru, Chakunda said it was ironic that despite their low salaries and allowances, civil servants and politicians became rich overnight with untraceable wealth.
“Government employees and other public officials should have wealth that is traceable,” Chakunda said.
“We can’t have public officials who become millionaires overnight. We should have a public management system that ensures that public officials do not generate wealth through corruption.”
Chakunda said the Public Management Act should be strengthened to deal with graft, which he said had destroyed the economy.
He said it was disheartening that public officials who got their wealth through corruption were being treated as enterprising people when they should be arrested.
Chakunda said there was need to deal with institutionalised corruption which he said had become a cancer in the country.
“We may have good laws but as long as we don’t transform government institutions in the way they operate, we will continue to face serious corruption,” he said.
Experts say some of the wealthiest people in Zimbabwe are senior civil servants and politicians.
In 2009, then Speaker of the House of Assembly, Lovemore Moyo, promised that he would fight to ensure that all legislators declared their assets and the assets register be kept at Parliament.
The pledge by Moyo, however, suffered a stillbirth with critics suggesting that it was resisted because most public officials had “skeletons in their cupboards”.
People living with impairments (PLWIs), who constitute 15% of Zimbabwe’s population, are being excluded from the electoral discourse because of communication barriers, a Deaf Zimbabwe Trust (DZT) official has said.
Speaking at a National Youth Organisation (Nayo)-organised election accountability dialogue in Harare recently, DZT programmes manager Paidamoyo Chimhini said: “The communication channels used by duty bearers to communicate to the electorate deny people living with impairments a chance to be active participants in the national discourse.”
She added that inclusion is expensive and duty bearers tend to forgo it at the expense of PLWIs.
“Inclusion can be quite expensive and many times people forego it. There is need for an interpreter and even a venue that people in wheelchairs can access,” Chimhini said.
She lauded political parties that included sign language during the campaign period, but urged them to go beyond rallies in accommodating and implementing the views of PLWIs.
“There are some political parties that had interpreters during the campaign period, but now in office during engagements they do not accommodate people living with impairments,” Chimhini noted, adding that appointment of only two senate representatives for people with disability was a sham because they cannot adequately represent 15% of the population.
“Two individuals who purport to represent this special group are not chosen by the disabled and they are too few to represent 15% of the population,” she said.
Nayo programmes manager MacDonald Munyoro said young people with impairments cannot actively participate in politics because they were being excluded.
“When most of these councillors or MPs conduct their consultations through the parliamentary portfolio committees, they are not disability inclusive. In their consultations, they do not have sign language, they do not have braille. Some of the venues where they hold their meetings are actually not even accessible. And this always keeps away persons with disabilities,” he said.
Munyoro said in the consultations they held in all the 10 provinces, young PLWIs bemoaned unequal opportunities as the major reason for their limited participation.
“One of the biggest issues that came from the young people with disability was the need for inclusion. And as part of inclusion one thing that they raised the most was the need for opportunities. Opportunities that are the same and similar to any child who is out there who is able-bodied,” he said.
THE cost of staple food commodities mealie-meal and bread are set to skyrocket after Finance minister Mthuli Ncube cut subsidies for grain imports in his 2020 national budget, despite maintaining support for the discredited Command Agriculture scheme.
Ncube wants the government-owned Grain Marketing Board (GMB) and grain millers in the country to source their own foreign currency to import grain for resale at market prices, a move seen as putting pressure on salaries already lagging behind the cost of living and runaway inflation, which analysts say was around 353% as of September.
“Government will, with effect from January 2020, remove the existing grain marketing subsidies for maize and wheat, which were being provided to grain millers through the Grain Marketing Board,” Ncube told Parliament while presenting the budget yesterday.
“The intervention will see GMB selling wheat and maize at market prices, with grain millers having an option to either import or purchase grain from GMB. This means the prices of basic commodities such as bread and mealie-meal may adjust.”
After a poor 2018-19 rainy season, at least six million people need food assistance in rural areas and an additional 2,2 million in urban areas, according to the Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee reports.
Ncube said the State would maintain support for its Zupco public transporter and the controversial Command Agriculture programme, which is currently being probed by a parliamentary committee over unaccounted US$3 billion in public funds.
Since 2016, Zimbabwe has been in the throes of foreign currency shortages and the setting up of the interbank market in February failed to address the shortage because of the disparity between the official exchange rate and the verdant black market.
The southern African nation is in the throes of its worst economic crisis in a decade with biting shortages of foreign currency, medicines, fuel and rolling power cuts that last up to 20 hours a day.
Since replacing the late Robert Mugabe in 2017, President Emmerson Mnangagwa has struggled to contain the crisis or convince Zimbabweans that the latest economic reforms championed by the Oxford University-trained Ncube would work.
The new prices would reshape “demand patterns in the effective and efficient use of scarce resources in the economy,” Ncube said.
To provide some relief to workers, Ncube raised non-taxable monthly income to $2 000 from $700 from January 1, next year.
The majority of government workers, who earn a minimum salary of $1 023 per month would not pay tax.
Ncube also increased the tax-free portion on bonus payments from $1 000 to $5 000 with effect from November 1 this year.
Non-taxable portion of the retrenchment package is now $50 000 from $10 000 or one-third of the total package to a maximum of $80 000.
Also, from January next year, Ncube plans to cut Value-Added Tax (VAT) from 15% to 14,5% to stimulate consumer demand after telling Parliament that the economy would shrink by 6,5% this year before recovering by 3% next year.
He also said he would lower corporate tax to 24% from 25%, while the country’s budget deficit would narrow to 1,5% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020 from 4% of GDP this year if government keeps a lid on its spending.
Ncube said he expects to collect $58,6 billion revenue, while expenditure is seen at $63,6 billion despite government departments demanding $136 billion.
The biggest budget vote at $8,5 billion was for the Primary and Secondary Education ministry followed by the Ministry of Health which will get $6,5 billion.
The Defence and War Veterans ministry was allocated $3,11 billion and Home Affairs and Cultural Heritage ($2,8 billion), while Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development will get $2,2 billion.
The Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare ministry will get $2,4 billion; Lands, Agriculture, Water, Climate and Rural Resettlement ($1,9 billion); Mines and Mining Development ($293,2 million) and the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services ($709 million).
The Industry and Commerce ministry was allocated $368 million, while the Environment, Climate Change, Tourism and Hospitality ministry will receive $291 million and ICT ($341,7 million).
MANY local authorities in Zimbabwe are using archaic laws and municipal by-laws that do not take into account the changing business environment and globalisation, a situation that has made it difficult for industry to flourish.
BY MTHANDAZO NYONI
Addressing delegates at the ongoing Local Government Investment Conference being held in Bulawayo, Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries Matabeleland chapter president Shepherd Chawira said there were various impediments to ease-of-doing business initiatives in the local authorities.
“… many local authorities in Zimbabwe are operating under archaic laws and municipal by-laws that do not take into account the changing business environment, and globalisation. Over a period of time, many obstacles that comprise high taxes and rates, long registration and licensing processes and policy adjustments, has continuously been the order of the day in both urban and rural local authorities in Zimbabwe,” Chawira said.
“These issues have further portrayed the Zimbabwean local governance in a bad picture, as the local authorities are viewed as regulating for revenue and not for business growth, creating a perception of local authorities not being favourable to support business growth.”
Chawira said, as such, local authority regulations that create a conducive environment for business are pivotal in promoting local economic development.
He said economic development thrives in an environment where there is co-operation between government, business and labour.
“With the talk of devolution, provincial and local authorities should position themselves, through ease-of-doing business reforms, to attract investments into their areas of jurisdiction. Business would want to set up operations in areas that make them more viable and competitive. This is true, not only at national level, but at local level as well,” the CZI regional boss said.
Chawira recommended that on devolution, the initial focus of provincial and local authorities, should be to grow their economies.
“With industry at 30% capacity utilisation, surely the strategy should be to grow this number and attract new investments, thereby increasing the revenue base. This, therefore, means that provincial and local authorities should regulate for growth of their economies and not revenue generation as their major focus,” he said, adding that increased investments in the local area would lead to local economic development and more for the authority.
Chawira called upon local authorities to involve local stakeholders in local economic development of strategies and planning to ensure that there is input by all stakeholders in policy formulation.
He challenged local authorities to come up with conducive investment environments.
“What brings investment is a conducive environment. Provincial authorities should be responsive to the needs of business and industry,” Chawira said.
Speaking at the same event, Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce Matabeleland chapter chairperson Brighton Ncube said industry was being weighed down by energy challenges.
“Companies are currently running production on generators — nine hours on a daily basis, which translates to 150 litres per day, 750 litres per week and 3 165 litres of diesel per month. To put it in monetary value, running a generator costs around $53 805 per month,” he said.
Ncube said production had been significantly affected by unavailability of affordable fuel and electricity outages.
He said corruption was rampant within city councils, especially on acquiring land for commercial and residential purposes.
“Billing is not speaking to what is on the ground, those not receiving utilities are being billed. Parking marshals’ approach is dreary for business and it is a concern for business,” Ncube said.
THE opposition MDC yesterday continued with its protests against President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s legitimacy and snubbed the 2020 national budget presentation over his presence in Parliament.
BY MOSES MATENGA/JAIROS SAUNYAMA
All the MDC MPs were in no-show during Finance minister Mthuli Ncube’s budget presentation, with party national chairperson Tabitha Khumalo telling NewsDay that they were all attending funerals of two party cadres who perished in an accident.
“All roads are leading to Chivhu now after burying our hero in Marondera. We have no control over the funeral programmes and our heroes deserve a befitting send-off,” she said.
“There is no way we can cancel the funeral over Parliament. We are burying our heroes.” Speaking during the burial of Marondera MDC branch chairperson, Paul Chikuni, at Paradise Cemetery, the opposition party’s deputy national organising secretary Sibusisiwe Masara said:
“We are here to bury our own brave cadres like Chikuni. We are not bothered about attending today’s budget meeting at Parliament. Why do we attend a budget when we know there is no money?
We are not going to attend that meeting.”
Close to 40 top MDC leaders, including legislators and senators led by the party acting president Lynette Karenyi-Kore, attended the burial.
Chikuni (34) died on Sunday night in a car accident in Ruwa while driving from an aborted Mabvuku rally.
The rally was banned at the last minute.
Another activist, Admire Takawira, also died, while Moore Maradza escaped unscathed.
MDC secretary-general Chalton Hwende said his party’s MPs participated in the budget processes and would also take part in the debate process despite a no-show in Parliament.
“Our MPs have already participated fully in the budget process. We are now waiting for the debate in Parliament. Today’s budget presentation does not change anything. Attending and following on TV is exactly the same. No debate is allowed or conducted today. It’s all optics for ED,” he said on micro blogging site, Twitter.
Before and during the budget presentation, police and the military sealed off the Africa Unity Square, where Zanu PF supporters sang and chanted revolutionary slogans for the better of the day.
There were running battles with police arresting some youths suspected to be MDC supporters.
Speaker of Parliament Jacob Mudenda threatened to act on MDC MPs for boycotting Parliament, with Norton MP Temba Mliswa calling for authorities to whip the opposition legislators for their actions.
Ironically, the opposition MPs participated in the budget consultative meetings, including the controversial Victoria Falls jamboree which saw them pocketing huge amounts of money ahead of today’s presentation.
Ncube described the budget as people-centred and introduced a raft of measures that seemed to respond to the prevailing economic crisis.
IT is disturbing to note the current developments in MDC Alliance whereby the internally organised violence is perpetually shifting away from the founding values of the party. The unrest brought by the youths in the form of claiming unconstitutional power and unfounded authority should not be tolerated.
Senator James Makore
The youths have no mandate to stop a member of the executive from entering any MDC offices for any reason. That is not within their jurisdiction. They are entitled to make recommendations to the national executive, which is an administrative body of the party and ultimately to the national council.
We are aware that some are ignorant of their role and function as organs of the party. The youths and women structures were for mobilisation and organising people. These structures are not independent and uncontrolled as they might appear to be. They report all their activities to the national executive for approval before implementation .
What they have done is gross indiscipline.
It was not within their jurisdiction to brew an idea and implement. Their resolution, if any, had to be subjected to a procedural process to avoid the rule of the jungle, as is the case now.
In the meantime, the youths are not doing the party any good other than tarnishing the image of the institution. The MDC should be known for its values: Freedom, democracy, equality, fairness, justice, unity, solidarity, accountability, transparency and non-discrimination.
No one, other than labour, brought a cent to the formation of the MDC; for that reason it is a right for any one to contest for any position in the party without being intimidated by anyone. As shown above, the MDC is a social democratic party different from a nationalist, communist party such as Zanu PF and the Chinese Communist Party and their sister parties in Russia and Cuba. No one owns this party and no one is qualified to dictate a position to anyone other than the congress of the people, for the people by the people.
Senator Douglas Togarasei Mwonzora should enjoy similar rights as a full member of this party. Since its inception and from his trade union days he has been able to contest for any position of his choice when the time of contestation came and no one should begrudge him for that.
If he commits a crime, disciplinary procedures should be applied like is common to everyone. It is very annoying to entrench hateful behaviour for greed of power as we are now witnessing in the party.
After all, not even one of these people could be associated to the late Morgan Tsvangirai, a founding member of the MDC, they all joined the party. It’s high time people should show maturity, cultivate confidence from the people that they could run a government in future.
This kind of violence is self defeating. Matters should be solved amicably, without emotions and with full regards to respecting each other.
Stop violence and be respectful. A continuation of violence against fellow senior party members will invite embargoes on the party by various organisations, not only in the Sadc region, but Africa as a whole and beyond.
IN the Bible, there is a story of the prodigal son who demanded his share of his father’s estate, which the father gave him. Shortly after being given his inheritance, the son runs off and squanders the wealth — finding himself destitute and in the middle of a severe famine.
To survive, the prodigal son hires himself out to a pig farmer, but seeing first hand that the pigs were eating better than him, he decides to return to his father and beg to be allowed to serve as a hired servant on the estate.
The rest is history!
I am reminded of this story in the Book of Luke because Eddie Cross, who had gone on the rampage, criticising mainly the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) when he absolutely had no clue of what was going on, seems to be coming back to his senses.
In one of his latest instalments, Cross likened the situation in Zimbabwe to that of Jesus and his disciples found themselves in when a furious squall came up and the waves broke over their boat so that it was nearly swamped.
The disciples woke Jesus up, as he was sleeping on a cushion in the stern. He then charmed them by calming the storm. For the first time, I found myself agreeing with Cross’ analogy in that while Zimbabwe could be going through a turbulence, the storm will dissipate at some point.
Pointedly, he makes the point that “we are all in the same boat, no point in yelling at the wind and the rain, wake up the boss and get him engaged in trying to fix the problem”.
He goes on: “Several lessons come to mind about the miracle in the boat with Christ. The first is that we need faith, we need to think that if we go forward and shake his shoulder and get Him awake, He will do something. In my own life I have discovered what a professor at Cambridge once described after his conversion to Christianity when he wrote a book about it and called it ‘Good God, it Works’.
“The second is that we need to recognise that we are all in this boat together and we sink or swim together. We need to work as a nation to find our way forward and to solve our problems — right now is not the time for squabbles and fights, we need to discover each other and put our country first.
“The third lesson is do not be surprised if things come back to normal much faster than we think possible. I still think we are on the right track, the fundamentals are all in place and because we are such a small boat, our problems can be solved relatively easily. But to get to the shore, we need to row together”.
It is thus pleasing that Cross, who was making it his business to yell at others, worse from a misinformed point of view, has had his “Damascene moment” and now realises the wickedness of his ways.
While it is also pleasing that he has delved into the scriptures to illustrate his point, my point of departure with him remains that he continues to sing for his supper, which seems to indicate that he is struggling to break free from those who “captured” him.
As far as he is concerned, Mthuli Ncube is the best thing to have ever happened to the Finance and Economic Development ministry even though the record speaks otherwise. He came with his economic theories, that include the shock therapy approach, that has failed the economy dismally.
We are not fooled!
Under Finance minister Tendai Biti during the government of national unity of 2009-2013, the country experienced a modicum of growth, which Cross does not even acknowledge.
Under Patrick Chinamasa, the ministry did its best to stabilise the ship under extremely difficult circumstances, which Cross should acknowledge.
Before Ncube’s appointment, inflation was at single digit levels with the exchange rate pegged at 1:1 to the United States dollar. At the time, there was acknowledgment that certain things needed to be done to keep the situation in check and avoid rocking the boat in the manner Ncube has done.
The 1:1 US dollar to RTGS rate was, indeed, a value preservation strategy that the central bank had put in place to restore value for money and to safeguard confidence.
The strategy was to ensure that, brick by brick, the economy gets to produce, especially for export, which is why the central bank came up with a menu of export incentives to stimulate productivity and foreign currency earnings.
Indeed, exports were beginning to pick up and production in some industries was on the rise, with the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries’ manufacturing sector survey showing an improvement in capacity utilisation.
And suddenly boom — the big bang approach — the situation took a turn for the worst in September 2018 when Cross’ “star performer” came onto the scene with his bookish economics, packaged as austerity measures.
All of a sudden, inflation has gone haywire, touching 300% as of last month, with the exchange rate whistling past $20 to the US dollar. This has made the population poorer within the past nine months.
If Cross wants to be taken seriously, he must give credit where it is due and speak out against wrongs even if it means differing with those who have appointed him into the key position or approved the multi-million-dollar deals that he has been consulting for. I am saying this mindful of the fact that he who pays the piper calls the tune.
I am also praying for the day when Cross’ illustration of the great Bible story is not used to whitewash what is patently wrong with the “system” and to be oblivious of the truth of the causative factors contributing to Zimbabwe stormy situation.
It needs to be said that the “storm” in the Zimbabwean context is not emanating from outside: It is a result of a few individuals who are fomenting the “storms” by engaging in reckless and primitive wealth accumulation that knows no bounds at the expense of the country’s economy.
As Finance minister, Ncube knows these “pirates” and by keeping quiet while the proverbial Rome is burning, he is equally culpable.
Nonetheless, Cross should be encouraged to rally the nation behind efforts to revive the country’s economy, including those he used to work with in the opposition.
Amos Mazambani is a development consultant. He writes here in his personal capacity and can be contacted on amos.mazambani@gmail.com.
AS always, each time one wakes up in Zimbabwe, they are treated to intriguing and curious circumstances that send either the heart or brain racing at life-threatening speeds.
NewsDay Comment
Yesterday, out of the blues, the nation woke up to assertions that some eight or so years after a certain political outfit called G40 or precisely Generation 40 came into existence, the shadowy political coterie is now a national security threat. Really?
“G40 is not only a threat to Zanu PF. It’s a threat to the country including the MDC. It’s a threat to security and security affects everyone,” the ruling party spokesperson, Simon Khaya Moyo declared after the party’s politburo meeting on Wednesday.
And Information deputy minister Energy Mutodi has since dashed to Twitter and declared: “Team G40 is back again with dirty tactics, this time using house maids to administer poison, explosives and other harmful substances, including ambushes. Ministers, be warned.”
But what has caused the sudden flurry of activity around this G40 cabal? Why has Zanu PF party suddenly decided to drag everyone in Zimbabwe into what the world has all along thought was a largely internal senseless brouhaha?
This can only point to two issues: Either the ruling party is now clueless on how to get rid of this very painful thorn in its flesh or it is trying to brew an excuse to ruthlessly strike at whoever it accuses of being part of this clique of headstrong former cadres who are pestering it.
As far as we know and have picked from the past bloody fights in the ruling party, this so-called G40 faction was one of two groups that were fighting each other to control the party as the former party leader, the late Robert Mugabe was reaching his political twilight.
It so happened that these G40 apparatchiks were out-manoeuvred by the other one called Lacoste, whose alleged leader was the party’s current President, Emmerson Mnangagwa.
So if this was the case, why then is this matter a national issue? Khaya Moyo has not come out clearly why everyone, including the police and army, should be dragged into the party’s perennial internal dogfights?
Besides, is Zanu PF telling us that it does not allow opposing views or internal jostling for control in the party? If this is the case, this does not bode well for all opposition political parties in the country because if the ruling party cannot tolerate its very own opposition, what more an opposition from without.
For the sake of democracy and separating party and national business from party politics, Zanu PF should simply solve its own problems through whatever internal means, instead of dragging us all into its dirty fights. The nation has nothing to do with otherwise in-house Zanu PF fights.
FORMER Warriors defender Thomas Sweswe wants the national senior football team to go all out in attack when they face Botswana in a 2021 Africa Cup of Nations Group H qualifying match against Botswana at the National Sports Stadium this evening.
BY HENRY MHARA
The former Dynamos player believes that a win in this match will put Zimbabwe in a good place in their quest for a fifth appearance at the Afcon finals.
Botswana are regarded as the sick men of the group, which also includes Zambia, whom the Warriors will face on Tuesday in Lusaka, and African champions Algeria.
Sweswe wants Zimbabwe to take full advantage of playing in front of the home crowd by taking the game to their western neighbours as they seek to kickstart the campaign on a positive note. “We need to go all out because we are playing Botswana. There are no small teams in football nowadays, but come on guys, this is Botswana. We have to beat such teams if we are serious about qualifying for the Afcon. Remember all the other teams in the group are targeting maximum points against Botswana and they will possibly get them. So if we fail, then we will be in trouble,” Sweswe said
“Also the game being the first game of the campaign, it would be very crucial for us to win it for our confidence going forward. We need to start positively, and that would do a world of wonders in terms of confidence in the team.
Sweswe has had the opportunity of watching the Warriors training session every day, and he is happy with what he has been seeing.
“I have been watching the boys train and I can see they are psyched up for the game and they know what is at stake. Qualifying for the Afcon is big, because it’s an opportunity for the players to be seen by scouts from overseas. The players know they need to win this match to have a chance of qualifying for the finals. This is a must-win game because we are playing at home. We have to start on the front foot, get a win here and go to Zambia with three points in the bag,” Sweswe said.
After this match, the Warriors travel to Zambia next week for their second match of the campaign before facing Algeria next year.
“Against Zambia away will be very tough, and if we can go there and play for a draw it will be fine for me. If we can win all our home matches and force a draw away, I’m sure we will qualify for Afcon. Getting a win away from home will be a bonus for us.”
FBC Holdings Limited says it continues to absorb exchange losses emanating from the external US$10 million loan contracted from a regional lender pending registration process with the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ).
BY MISHMA CHAKANYUKA
In a trading update for the third quarter ended September 30, 2019, the group’s secretary, Tichaona Mabeza said pending finalisation of the registration process, FBC is still absorbing the exchange losses.
“The group is still in the process of registering with the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe an external loan of US$10 million obtained by FBC Holdings Limited from a regional financial institution under the legacy debt,” he said.
“Pending finalisation of the registration process, the group continues to absorb the exchange losses arising therefrom. The exchange losses are expected to reverse upon conclusion of the registration process.”
Following the declaration of the Zimbabwe dollar as the sole legal tender through Statutory Instrument 142 in June, which effectively outlawed the use of the United States dollar and other external currencies, some companies have suffered exchange losses mainly arising from their foreign obligation.
RBZ has committed to assuming the foreign legacy debts at a rate of $1:US$1 to rescue companies.
There are, however, fears that the central bank will struggle to honour the commitment given that the country has been reeling from foreign currency challenges over a period of time.
During the period, FBC recorded a 275% increase in total net income to $388,6 million from $103,6 million posted in the same period last year.
The cost to income ratio improved to 51% compared to 55% recorded in the first half of the year driven by the strong income growth between the first six months and the third quarter of 2019.
Profit-before-tax increased by 533% to $189,4 million from $30 million reported in prior year.
Administrative expenses were up 74% to $152,9 million from $87,7 million incurred for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Mabeza said total equity attributable to shareholders of the parent company increased by 29% to $349,1 million from a comparative 269,9 million.
He said the group would continue to introduce new customer experiences and focus on digitalisation programmes.
“During the course of 2019, the group embarked on an Oracle Core Banking and digital banking system upgrade as well as an Oracle super cluster hardware upgrade for FBC Bank and FBC Building Society,” Mabeza said.
“The investment brings with it a new digital banking experience in a secure and convenient environment. The group is, however, still stabilising the internet banking platform to maximise convenience to customers.”
